CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Conceptual Review of Facebook-Based Learning

Facebook learning is the use of Facebook platform as a teaching tool that is to aid both students and lecturers in their teaching learning communicating, collaborating and interacting on academics issues. Social media platforms have been recognized to be key mediums of communication and sharing information in educational institutions since several years now. As one of the familiar social networking tool, Facebook enables students participate in discussions online, share learning and teaching information, submit assignments online and interact with other students and lecturers outside the regular class.

People claim Facebook learning enhances collaborative learning since students are giving a chance to share ideas, work together on problem solving and can even contribute to learning materials from online groups. Azim et al. (2025) found out that in the case were Facebook groups were incorporated in learning, students' academic participation and retention in universities turned out enhanced..

Learning through Facebook is especially important for students studying computer science since the subject always involves dealing with technological issues. Computer science learners are known to engage in discussions about programming problems, tutorial information, lecture materials, and assignment work through Facebook groups. Learning processes enhanced by the use of social media platforms promote active involvement and enhance communication between students and lecturers. Academic Performance of Computer Science Students

Academic performance can be defined as the quality of performance that the students display in the examination process, assignments, practicals, and other academic-related activities. The academic performance of computer science students is determined by various factors including learning environment, teaching methodology, motivation, digital literacy, technology, and socialization. Digital learning platforms have had a great impact on the academic performance of learners in the past few years.

In their study, Zhang et al. (2025) found out that online participation and digital interaction play a major role in improving learning experiences of computer science students. They pointed out that students who engage actively in online education perform much better academically and have better problem-solving skills. In another study, Li et al. (2025) noted that digital literacy plays an important role in enhancing students’ academic performance since they effectively adapt to digital learning environments..

Nevertheless, there is also a view that excessive social media usage can have an adverse effect on academic performance since students may get distracted from their studies. According to Lukose & Agbeyangi (2025), even though social media can be used for learning purposes, excessive usage often results in poor time management and lack of concentration on academics. Hence, the role of Facebook-based learning in academic performance will depend on its application by the students.

Theoretical Framework

The theory that my study is based upon is the Social Constructivist Theory adapted from Vygotsky.Social Constructivist Theory states that learning is a process that is produced through interaction, dialogue and collaboration with others (Learn NC, 2009).Vygotsky believed that learners learned through interaction and participation within a social environment. The use of Facebook for learning fits into this theory, as Facebook promotes communication among students and the lecturer.

Facebook groups used for classroom communication enable students to discuss content, ask questions, give and receive feedback, and work together. As a communication tool, Facebook is a form of cooperative learning, sharing between members of the group.

This theory would be suitable for this research because it describe how online social interaction through Facebook can enhance or influence the student of computer science study achievement If students engage in computer science related discussions and collaborative learning activity, it is likely they would have a high impact on their computer science study achievement..

Empirical Review

Numerous empirical researches looked at the correlation between social media learning and students' academic performance. Azim et al. (2025) studied the application of Facebook as an added value learning space among undergraduate students and found that Facebook learners performed more well academically with achievement and withdrawal. They argued Facebook enhanced collaborative learning and led to the increased involvement of learners.

As Van Staden and Nel (2025), an exploration was conducted on cooperative learning in online WhatsApp groups amongst computer science students through the use of social media interaction. Digital interaction did, in fact, promote social academic participation and collaboration. As Sappayani (2025), a study was conducted on technology and the academic performance of computer science students which revealed that Facebook is the prevalent social media application used by computer science students.

From the study, so educational technology has a positive impact on the students' learning if used appropriately. Secondly, Ku (2025); did a meta-analytical research on technology factors on academic achievement (as a topic of concept) and reached a conclusion that social media had both beneficial and disadvantageous impacts on students per the usage pattern.

Educational purposes of social media were positive while over consuming social media for recreation had a detrimental influence on students' achievement..

Another research was done by Aruleba et al. (2025) examined the use of web-based learning tools and their effect with computer science students. It concluded that the use of online learning tools has an effect on improving student learning experience, critical thinking and collaboration learning skill. It highlighted the significance of technology integration in modern learning curricula.   Summary of Literature Review

The literatures reviewed have indicated that Facebook Learning is now a significant learning instrument in modern learning institutions. From research findings, Facebook Learning has proven to improve communication, collaboration, engagement, and academic performances where it is applied in the right manner for learning purposes. Also, computer science students greatly benefit from Facebook Learning since this course is technology-oriented.

However, some researches have warned that overuse and abuse of Facebook Learning by students may affect their concentration and academic performances adversely. The majority of reviewed literatures were conducted in general higher learning institution settings, with few being specific on Facebook Learning influence on academic performances of computer science students in Ondo West Local Government Area. This is the gap in literature that calls for the current research study.

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