CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Most teachers leave teacher training institutions with limited knowledge of ways technology can be effectively used in their professional practice. In this age of digitization, being able to effectively apply technology should be high on the list of what teachers at all levels of our education should know and be able to do in any instructional transaction. There is substantial evidence that, if used appropriately for specific purposes in specific contexts, technology can be an effective tool in supporting teaching and learning. The way Information Communication

Technology (ICT) has been used in the education can be divided into two broad categories i.e. ICT for Education and ICT in Education. ICT for education refers to the development of information and communication technology specifically for teaching/ learning purposes, while ICT in Education involves the adoption of general components of technologies in the teaching process, more specifically, often for the training of teachers in the use of technology for teaching (Olakulehin, 2007). Similarly, UNESCO (2004) classifies ICT in education into three broad categories:  pedagogy, training, and continuing education. Pedagogy is focused on the effective learning of subjects with the support of the various components of ICT.

In the past few decades Information and Communication technology (ICT) have provided the society with a vast array of new communication capabilities for example, people can communicate in real time with others in different countries using technologies such as Instant Messaging, Voice Over IP (VOIP) and Video Conferencing, social networks like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in constant and communication on a regular basis (African Union, 2004). Information and Communication technology (ICT) have created a global village in which people can communicate with other across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect the society. Information and Communication Technology (ICT ) is an umbrella term that include any communication device or application, encompassing : Radio, Television, Cellular phones, computer and network, satellite systems and so on , as well as the various service and application associated with them; such as video conferencing and distance learning. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are often in particular context such as ICTs in education, health care or libraries. (EASCAP 2006).

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is more common outside the united states, according to European Commission, the importance of ICT lies in the technology itself i.e. its ability to create greater access to information and communication in underserved population around the world have established organization for the promotion of ICT, This is because, it is feared that unless technology advance in developed nations will only serve for exacerbate the already existing economic gap between technologically “have” “have not” areas. Internationally, the United Nations activity promotes ICTs for Development (ICT4D) as a means of bridging the digital device (EASCAP 2006).

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education means “teaching and learning with ICT”, information and communication technology tools can be divided into three categories input source, output source and others. Worldwide research has shown that ICT can lead to improved student learning and better teaching methods. A report made by the national institute of multimedia education in Japan proved that an increase in student exposure to educational ICT through curriculum integration has a significant and positive impact on student achievement especially in terms of knowledge comprehension “practical skill” “presentation skill” in subject areas such as mathematics, science, economics and social studies.

The impact that information and communication technology (ICT) has had to date in the developed world and the potentials yet for further dramatics change is reflected in a range of multinational policy document, for example the leader of the world major eight industrialized democratic (E8 head of state 2000) have proved that information and communication technology (ICT) has become an engine of growth for the global economy especially in the field of economics (Ridger MO, 2009). The African fund of state (African union 2004) citing the potential for ICT to promote trade, improve health areas, enhance good governance, and make education more available. In this regards, the world bank report that ICT can increase access to education through distance learning, enables a knowledge network for  the students, teachers had broaden the availability of quality education materials. At the world summit in the information society. The United Nations (2005) notes that potentials of ICT to expand access to quality education, to boast trendy and to provide universal primary education in developing countries.  At the same time, the group emphasis the need to develop human resource capable of responding to the demand of information age and to nurture ICT literacy and skills through education, learning and lifelong learning in the field of education.

Ujibi (2004) explained that technology is changing teaching and learning whether it is middle- scholars examining a scientific hypothesis through a simulation of forth grades living miss apart living apart collaboration on a study of local weather patterns through electronic mail technology is that without strongly leadership, not every student will enjoy technology advantages. Without a well throughout policy and the commitment to fund up to date technology in the schools the interest of children, their parent and the community will not be well sound, schools will fall further behind the society that surrounds them. Technology is artificial to preparing students to live, learn and work successfully in a digital age. New technology based models of teaching and learning have the power to drastically improve educational outcomes. As a result of many people are asking how to scale up the scattered, successful “Islands of motivation”, instructional technology has empowered into universal improvement in schools enabled by major sniffs in standard educational practices.

Teaching and learning in advance nations such as United Kingdom and United States of America quite differ from teaching and learning process in most of the developing nations like Nigeria. Comparatively teaching job in advance country presently is technologically based, the use of computer in teaching dominate, while in developing countries man power is still in existence, Nigeria for the past two decades had a clamoring for the use of information and communication technology in teaching and learning process even in writing examinations which has not been fully attained; this arouse the interest of researchers to find out the impact of information and communication technology on teaching and learning process, to compare educational effectiveness for the learner that they are imported systematic information through the use of ICT and as well as investigating the problems associated with the use of ICT in teaching and learning in higher institution

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Things are changing globally, and there are different and modern ways of doing things, if the essence of the educational policy is aimed at producing man-power which can cope with the ever-changing modern world, and be part of the global village “the chalk and talk method”; hardly bringing participatory interaction method must give way to the use of innovation and technology driven which the ICT proffers.

The overwhelming and glaring features of the present educational systems and structures are the abnormal and unending deterioration if the quality of education at all level over the years. The West African Examination and National Examination Council result have constantly elicited this groin reality which seriously necessitates urgent attention. Thus it is the aim of this study to provide a template on which the revival of the educational system can be built, also to find out the impact of ICT on academic performance of secondary schools students through the use of ICT and as well as investigating the problems associated with the use of ICT in teaching and learning process.

OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY

The main objectives of this research work is to critically examine the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the performance of academic secondary students, consequently the researcher intends to inform the general public especially the students, teachers, parents and even the government at various level, their quarters that must be contributed to the work of e-learning in Nigerian institutions. The specified objectives are:

·        To discover how exposed are the secondary school students to ICT facilities?

·        To find out how exposed are the teachers to modern ICT facilities?

·        To discover to ICT can influence student performance in class

·        To determine the level of influence ICT has on the effectiveness of teachers

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

·        Are the students exposed to ICT facilities?

·        How exposed are the teacher’s to modern ICT facilities?

·        How can ICT influence student effectiveness in school?

·        How can ICT influence the teacher efficiency and effectiveness?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will expose the students, lecturers/teachers, parents, government at various levels and the general public to the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on teaching as well as the national development on the suggestion that would be made if well utilized will reduce teacher’s burden in teaching jobs, also facilitating teaching and learning activities. It will also help the students to study through the use of internet without teacher’s been the intermediary, also the use of Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) among others will be exposed too, and it will enable Nigerians education to compete with well developed countries education system.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study cover the entire student of the federal republic of Nigeria but due to financial and time constraint samples are taken from four schools in two local government area of Lagos state and Ogun state. The school used are:

1.     D Ivy College

2.     Air force Secondary school