Chapter one

Introduction

1.1 Background to the study

In a society with literacy, studying is done as an intellectual activity for information gathering, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge expansion. It is a significant activity in a person's life since it stimulates that person's interest in gaining more knowledge.  Learners' lack of learning skills is another important factor in their unrealized potential. Emily and Betty (2014) It has been noted that it is not often that pupils who spend a lot of time memorising reading content are still struggling. According to them, the stresses brought on by the use of relatively ineffective learning methodologies may have an adverse effect on the student's personal, intellectual, and social development. Study habits are cognitive inclinations that provide students the ability to think independently.

 Azikiwe (2014) The accepted style and manner a student prepares his private studies, after classroom learning so on gain mastery of the subject," is how one Azikiwe (2014) defines the study habit. "Outstanding academic habits are valuable assets to learners since they (habits) help students master their fields of expertise and achieve exceptional performance, whereas the contrary comprises barriers to learning and achievement that lead to failure.

The persistently low academic accomplishment of students in the English language is one of the main barriers to the development of secondary schools in Nigeria. Many believe that Nigeria's educational standards are slipping as a result of this circumstance. Several pupils don't meet the prerequisites for admission to postsecondary institutions of learning due to the recent record of poor academic Achievement.

A number of factors are said to have contributed to the students’ poor academic achievement in English. That a host of these factors may surround students’ poor achievement in school which may include: poor study habits among others.

Music has an influence on the moods, emotions, and behaviour of groups of people, as well as individuals. Background music can be used to create a positive atmosphere especially towards achieving academic achievement. Background music can influence student behavior, as well as physiological, emotional and cognitive processes. Kuzmich, (2010) argued that listening to music actively can have beneficial and long-lasting influences on brain function. Music-listening enhances memory and cognitive function (Kang, & Williamson, 2014), enhances focus, inspires and motivates, and promotes a multisensory learning environment in English Language. (Brewer, 2019; Brunken, Plass & Leutner, 2016). Aktaş and Gündüz (2016) It has been hypothesised that listening to music inappropriately has two detrimental consequences on maintaining focus. First off, scheduling time for listening to music cuts into study time, which can harm students' academic achievement in English Language. Mostly younger students experience it. Second, reading while listening to music impairs comprehension of the material, particularly in English, and the ability to read critically. (Aktaş and Gündüz, 2016).

Odabaş et al. (2018) did not back up the claim that playing music while reading makes it easier to comprehend what is being read, and that this can lower English language academic success. Instead, listening to music interferes with attention while reading and comprehension, and that interferes with people's ability to focus on the text and affects the critical reading environment, just like other external stimuli (Odabaş et al., 2018). Students' language-based reasoning, short-term memory, planning, and inhibition are all greatly improved by structured music classes, which raises academic accomplishment. It is to this the study centres on the influence of music on study habits and academic achievements of secondary school students in english in yaba local council development area

1.2 Statement of the problem

Lack of study habits and distraction from environmental elements like music while studying have been blamed for the current problem of students' poor exam achievement as well as bad speaking and writing of English..

Parents, the government, and education professionals in the nation are very concerned about secondary school students' poor study habits and excessive reliance on background music. Many education experts tend to place the responsibility for secondary school students' declining academic performance in external assessments like WAEC or JAMB on the teaching methods used by the instructors, the students, and a lack of government funding for high-quality libraries.

They might not, however, be the primary causes of students' subpar exam results. All signs point to the fact that most secondary school pupils have poor study habits and are easily distracted by music, which could compromise their academic performance. Overall, the value of reading with background music cannot be overstated because no learning activity or circumstance can occur without incentive, and music provides that motivation. Perhaps one of the biggest issues with Nigeria's educational system is how poorly children perform in public exams, particularly at the senior secondary level of schooling (Ajayi 2012). it is to this the study centres on  the influence of music on study habits and academic achievements of secondary school students in English in yaba local council development area

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To examine the influence of Music on the study habits of secondary school students in English Language

2) To examine the relationship between Music and academic achievement of secondary school students in English

3) To determine factors that influence students study habit in English Language

4) To recommend ways of improving students academic achievement and study habits in English Language

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) What is the influence of Music on the study habits of secondary school students in English Language?

2) what is the relationship between Music and academic achievement of secondary school students in English?

3) what are the factors that influence students study habit in English Language?

4) what are the ways of improving students academic achievement and study habits in English Language?

1.5 HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis 1

HO: there is no significant  influence of Music on the study habits of secondary school students in English Language

H1: there is a significant influence of Music on the study habits of secondary school students in English Language

Hypothesis 2

HO: There is no significant relationship between students study habit and academic achievement

H1: There is a significant relationship between students study habit and academic achievement

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be used to many people who may want to know the factors that could make or mar Study habits and student’s academic achievement in English Language through music.

1.7              SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is restricted to The Influence of Music on Study Habits and Academic Achievements of Secondary School Students in English around Yaba Lcda

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Financial constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview)

Time constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.9              OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Reading: The process of constructing meaning through the dynamic interaction among the reader, the text and the context of the reading situation

Study habit: This is a behaviour style that is systematically formed by students towards learning and achievement.

Reading skills: These are peculiar strategies developed by the students in reading.

Academic: This has been variously defined but for the purpose of this reading, Hornby (1991) define academic has that which has to do with school college studies or learning in other words designate the intellectual; aspect of education particularly the final subject deals with organized knowledge.

Academic performance: This refers to the performance that falls within specified standard. The specified standard is usually called pass mark and the pass mark is score above average which students are considered having passed and below which students are considered having failed.

Student: A person who is learning or reading at a place of higher or further education.

Music: This  is  generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect of all human societies, a cultural universal