CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

The Concept of Patience (Sabr) in the Qur’an and Hadith and Its Impact on Muslims in Nigeria

Sabr [Patience] [In Arabic] is one of the most important characteristics of Islam, if we note it through the virtues have been presented in the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet (saw). Sabr as virtue means endurance perseverance self-restraint and steady control and strength of mind to stand firm in hard times, trial, and hardship. The virtue of patience in Islam is the one that makes the Muslims be divine and holiness praise whatever the circumstances they might be. And for the academy, this virtue [Sabr] is one of the very critical principles of the Islamic ethics and spirituality, because that makes the connection between the devout and the Allah [Al-Ghazali, 2015].The quality of patience is very much emphasized in the Qur'an as a necessary characteristic in the life of every Muslim. For instance, Allah states that the believer should be patient during his worship, in times of difficulties, and when their abstinance from sins. Surely Allah is with those who are patient" (Al-Baqarah, 2:153). This verse makes it evident that Allah will bestow on the believers tons of excellence if they are Patient. Once more, on the start of a new surah; Az-Zumar(39:10), Allah states that "The patient among you shall be rewarded in full."..

Several examples of prophets who exercised patience despite facing very tough conditions have been highlighted in the Holy Quran. One of the best examples of patience is that of Prophet Ayyub (Job), who was subjected to diseases, poverty, and family tragedies but yet remained faithful to Allah. Likewise, Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) showed patience in the face of betrayal and unjust imprisonment by his brothers. According to Rahman (2018), such stories were related in order to teach Muslims the significance of patience during hardships...

Apart from the Quran, the Hadith literature also gives a lot of importance to Sabr. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) describes patience as guidance for believers in trials. One of the most famous Hadiths on patience is recorded in Sahih Muslim. It says that "patience is light". The implication is that in adversity the virtues of patience lights people's path.

Another Hadith in Sahih al Bukhari says that nobody has ever been given a gift better and more comprehensive than patience. The category of Sabr has been classified into three as given below: The first category of patience in the performance of the duties or commands of Allah and to adhere with sincerity in acts of worship including prayer, fasting and giving of alms. The second is patience in the avoidance of sins or sins or in suffering temptation. The third category is patience on affliction or trial including sickness want poverty or losing loved ones (Ibn Qayyim, 2017)..

Patience is also an important attitude of a Muslim. On a spiritual level, patience allows a Muslim to have a stronger faith and more trust in Allah. Sabr enable Muslim to remain persistent in following God's commandments even if they face any difficulties. Besides, patience also promotes a peaceful mind and make a Muslim emotionally stable, as Muslims believe that God's plan are temporary. As explained by Khan (2020), patience helps Muslim to cope with emotions like stress anxiety disappointment and so on by trusting in Allah and remaining optimistic.

At a social level, patience is conducive to peace amongst human relations in families and nations. Patience to find it easier for people to forgive, tolerant and treat others kindly, This way creating tolerant society. Patience in marriage and family life enables people to withstand the hardships and resolve conflicts. The Quran offers: "And not equal are the good deed and the bad. Repel with that which is better..

For the economy and profession, patience looks to allow Muslims to persist in work and goal getting and despite any barriers they face. The patient are more hard working and steadfast in achieving their goal. On the issue of education, students who are patient can bear any hardship in studying and learn efficiently. As a result, Sabr creates personality and society.

Psychologically, patience is very good for Muslims as well, since it helps humans to discipline themselves and to develop their stamina. Patient Muslims are not impulsive in their actions, nor do they get angry or frustrated too easily, they still have control over their lives. Modern scientists' research shows that patience has a positive influence on the mental state of mind and the joy of life (Ahmed, 2021).s patience is not purely spiritual but a life strategy it helps to cope with problems better...

To conclude, the notion of patience (Sabr) holds an important place in Islam based on the teachings of the Qur’an and Hadith. Patience is considered to be a virtuous act which makes one’s faith stronger and improves moral character, allowing Muslims to go through the difficulties and have hope and trust in Allah. With regard to the Qur’an and the teachings of prophets, there are some instructions on how one can practice patience in real life. The influence of patience on Muslims is evident in various aspects including spiritual improvement, emotional health, relations with people, and overall character development.