CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The management of an organization is the action of several people in designing and maintaining an environment in which individual working together in-group to accomplish selected missions and objectives. Planning is a primary task of management which concerns the future and relies upon information from both external and internal sources to the organization for it to be successful.

            The performance of an organization can be determined by the corporate planning embarked upon in any given managerial decision at a particular time. For management of such organization to achieve its aims and objectives some planning strategies need to be laid down and followed in order to enhance the smooth running and overall success of the business organization in question. It is pertinent to know that, for any business organization to record any meaningful achievement certain function need to be performed and reckon with within the society among these functions are planning, controlling, coordination, motivating and staffing.

            PLANNING:- This is the establishment of objectives and the formulation, evaluation and selection of polices strategies, tacties and action required to achievement these objectives. Planning comprises of short term or operational planning and long term or strategic planning the letter can be regarded as corporate planning for it covers a long range period. It sets out the organizational objectives how to do it? How bill do it? And where to do it? All these are the focus planning.

            CONTROLLING:- Control is the process of compelling event to conform to a plan, therefore, controlling involves setting standards for the work to be performed, measuring performance against the set standard, taking corrective action where needed. All these are aimed at measuring the level of performance.

            MOTIVATING: This means to energized or set in motion for effective performance. It is an activity which put the employees at the centre by meeting the social, physical and psychological needs of the work force as a way of achieving the overall objective of the organization.

            STAFFING:- This comprises of effective recruitment, selection placement, appraisal and development of people to occupy the roles in the organization structure. 

            Hence, the performance of any given organization can be enhanced by the afore-mentioned managerial functions. More so, management of any given organization can be classified into these 3 categories they are:

            Middle Management: These include head of department and also comprises of plant, manager, production manager, sales manager and other managers in the organization.

            Top Management:- Who are regarded as the policy maker, goal-setters and decision makers of the whole organization and this initiate all major changes.

            Lastly, the bottom level of Management:- These are the lower workers of the organization, these are directing involved with the day to day running of the business within the guidelines set by the top management.

            Therefore, it could be summarily inserted that for the achievement of organizational objective and good performance all these functions must be well carried out.

       STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It has been undeniably observed that much business organization fails because of ineffective planning of the management, planning as one of the management functions must be given a serious attention and critical priority for the accomplishment of the organization set goals and objectives. For the management to solve this planning problem, the factors that affect the effective management planning need to establish the effective management planning need to establish the objective and formulate policies, strategies, tactics and action required to achieve these objective.